Rust jest najpopularniejszym językiem programowania do pisania programów na Solanie. Ten przewodnik szybkiego startu pokaże, jak szybko skonfigurować, zbudować i wdrożyć swój pierwszy program Solany na blockchainie, przy użyciu Rust.
Ten przewodnik wykorzystuje Solana CLI i zakłada, że skonfigurowałeś swoje lokalne środowisko programistyczne. Checkout our local development quickstart guide here to quickly get setup.
Czego się nauczysz #
- jak zainstalować język programowania Rust w lokalnym środowisku
- jak stworzyć nowy program Rust na Solanie
- jak napisać podstawowy program Solany w Rust
- jak zbudować i wdrożyć Twój program Rust
Zainstaluj Rust i Cargo #
Aby móc skompilować programy Solany stworzone w Rust, zainstaluj język Rust i Cargo (menedżer pakietów Rust) za pomocą Rustup:
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
Uruchom swój lokalny validator #
The Solana CLI comes with the test validator built in. This command line tool will allow you to run a full blockchain cluster on your machine.
solana-test-validator
Uruchom walidator testowy Solana w nowym/oddzielnym oknie terminala, które pozostanie otwarte. Ten program wiersza poleceń musi pozostać uruchomiony, aby Twój lokalny walidator pozostał online i gotowy do działania.
Skonfiguruj Solana CLI w taki sposób, aby używało Twojego walidatora lokalnego hosta dla wszystkich przyszłych poleceń z terminala i wdrożeń programów Solany:
solana config set --url localhost
Stwórz nową bibliotekę Rust z Cargo #
Solana programs written in Rust are libraries which are compiled to
BPF bytecode and saved in
the .so
format.
Stwórz nową bibliotekę Rust o nazwie hello_world za pomocą wiersza poleceń Cargo:
cargo init hello_world --lib
cd hello_world
Dodaj crate solana-program
do swojej nowej biblioteki Rust:
cargo add solana-program
Zdecydowanie zaleca się, aby Twój solana-program
i inne zależności między Rust i Solaną były zgodne z zainstalowaną wersją Solana CLI. For example, if you are running Solana CLI 2.0.3
, you can instead
run:
cargo add solana-program@"=2.0.3"
This will ensure your crate uses only 2.0.3
and nothing else. Jeśli napotkasz
problemy z kompatybilnością zależności Solana,
sprawdźSolana Stack Exchange
Otwórz plik Cargo.toml
i dodaj wymagane ustawienia konfiguracyjne biblioteki
Rust, oraz odpowiednio zaktualizuj nazwę projektu:
[lib]
name = "hello_world"
crate-type = ["cdylib", "lib"]
Stwórz swój pierwszy program Solany #
Kod Twojego programu Solana opartego na Rust będzie znajdować się w pliku
src/lib.rs
. Wewnątrz src/lib.rs
będziesz mógł importować swoje crate'y w
Rust i definiować logikę. Otwórz plik src/lib.rs
w swoim ulubionym edytorze.
Na górze lib.rs
, zaimportuj skrzynkę solana-program
i wprowadź potrzebne
elementy do lokalnej przestrzeni nazw:
use solana_program::{
account_info::AccountInfo,
entrypoint,
entrypoint::ProgramResult,
pubkey::Pubkey,
msg,
};
Każdy program Solany musi definiować entrypoint
, który informuje środowisko
uruchomieniowe Solany, gdzie rozpocząć używanie Twojego kodu na sieci. Your
program's entrypoint should
provide a public function named process_instruction
:
// declare and export the program's entrypoint
entrypoint!(process_instruction);
// program entrypoint's implementation
pub fn process_instruction(
_program_id: &Pubkey,
_accounts: &[AccountInfo],
_instruction_data: &[u8]
) -> ProgramResult {
// log a message to the blockchain
msg!("Hello, world!");
// gracefully exit the program
Ok(())
}
Każdy program on-chain powinien zwrócić Ok
wynik z wartością ()
. This tells the
Solana runtime that your program executed successfully without errors.
This program above will simply
log a message of "Hello, world!" to the
blockchain cluster, then gracefully exit with Ok(())
.
Build your Rust program #
Inside a terminal window, you can build your Solana Rust program by running in
the root of your project (i.e. the directory with your Cargo.toml
file):
cargo build-sbf
After each time you build your Solana program, the above command will output
the build path of your compiled program's .so
file and the default keyfile
that will be used for the program's address. cargo build-sbf
installs the
toolchain from the currently installed solana CLI tools. You may need to
upgrade those tools if you encounter any version incompatibilities. In case
you get an error like:
error while loading shared libraries: librustc_driver-278a6e01e221f788.so
you
may need to go to ~/.cache/solana/
and rm -rf
the platform tools there and
then run cargo build-sbf
again.
Deploy your Solana program #
Using the Solana CLI, you can deploy your program to your currently selected cluster:
solana program deploy ./target/deploy/hello_world.so
Once your Solana program has been deployed (and the transaction finalized), the above command will output your program's public address (aka its "program id").
# example output
Program Id: EFH95fWg49vkFNbAdw9vy75tM7sWZ2hQbTTUmuACGip3
Congratulations! #
You have successfully setup, built, and deployed a Solana program using the Rust language.
You can use the Solana Explorer to look at your newly deployed program. The explorer also works on localnet, you can open the Solana Explorer on localnet and just paste your programId in the search bar.
Let's call the Hello World program #
Now that the program is deployed we want to call it to see the actual "Hello
World" on chain. For that we will use Javascript and the Solana web3.js
library.
Install Node.js #
To use node in WSL2 on Windows, please follow this
guide to installing node in WSL2 to
install node.
sudo apt-get install curl
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/master/install.sh | bash
reopen the terminal
nvm install --lts
node --version
For macOS you can install node.js via package manager
Create the client file #
Install the Solana web3.js library and the Solana helpers library:
npm install @solana/web3.js@1 @solana-developers/helpers@2
Create a new file called client.mjs
and add the following code:
import {
Connection,
PublicKey,
Transaction,
TransactionInstruction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import { getKeypairFromFile } from "@solana-developers/helpers";
const programId = new PublicKey("YOUR_PROGRAM_ID");
// Connect to a solana cluster. Either to your local test validator or to devnet
const connection = new Connection("http://localhost:8899", "confirmed");
//const connection = new Connection("https://api.devnet.solana.com", "confirmed");
// We load the keypair that we created in a previous step
const keyPair = await getKeypairFromFile("~/.config/solana/id.json");
// Every transaction requires a blockhash
const blockhashInfo = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
// Create a new transaction
const tx = new Transaction({
...blockhashInfo,
});
// Add our Hello World instruction
tx.add(
new TransactionInstruction({
programId: programId,
keys: [],
data: Buffer.from([]),
}),
);
// Sign the transaction with your previously created keypair
tx.sign(keyPair);
// Send the transaction to the Solana network
const txHash = await connection.sendRawTransaction(tx.serialize());
console.log("Transaction sent with hash:", txHash);
await connection.confirmTransaction({
blockhash: blockhashInfo.blockhash,
lastValidBlockHeight: blockhashInfo.lastValidBlockHeight,
signature: txHash,
});
console.log(
`Congratulations! Look at your ‘Hello World' transaction in the Solana Explorer:
https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${txHash}?cluster=custom`,
);
Don't forget to replace YOUR_PROGRAM_ID
with the program ID you got from the
deployment step.
Run the client #
Now lets use node
run this file to see the "Hello World" on chain.
node client.mjs
You should see the following output:
Congratulations! Look at your ‘Hello World' transaction in the Solana Explorer:
https://explorer.solana.com/tx/2fTcQ74z4DVi8WRuf2oNZ36z7k9tGRThaRPXBMYgjMUNUbUSKLrP6djpRUZ8msuTXvZHFe3UXi31dfgytG2aJZbv?cluster=custom
If you follow the link you should be able to see your 'Hello World' transaction on the Solana explorer.
Deploy to Solana devnet #
Now you have successfully deployed your program to your local cluster. If you want to deploy it to the public devnet to show your program to your friends you can do so by running the following command:
solana program deploy ./target/deploy/hello_world.so --url https://api.devnet.solana.com
Then change the connections url in your client.mjs
also to
https://api.devnet.solana.com
and run the client again.
node client.mjs
You should see the same output as before but now on the public devnet cluster. You can see the transaction in the Solana Explorer again. Now you just need to switch it to devnet on the top right.
Congratulations, now everyone in the world can see your "Hello World" transaction on the Solana blockchain.
Next steps #
See the links below to learn more about writing Rust based Solana programs: